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通过对煤层气中的CH4进行富集，可以在一定程度上缓解国内天然气供应不足的问题，但由于煤层气中N2杂质分子的存在，限制了煤层气的高效利用。本研究以中温煤沥青作为碳源，KOH为活化剂，制备高效的CH4/N2分离吸附剂。首先研究KOH与煤沥青质量比(碱煤比)对多孔炭CH4/N2分离性能影响。当碱煤比为3∶1时，制备的多孔炭CH4吸附量和CH4/N2选择性达到最大值。在此碱煤比下，对活化温度进行优化，并且通过77 K N2吸-脱附(BET)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱(Raman)表征方法探究了多孔炭的孔隙结构、表面化学性质和晶体结构。结果表明，多孔炭存在丰富的微孔结构，且其表面存在丰富的含氧官能团。经KOH活化后的多孔炭具有石墨化结构和无定形碳共存的特点。过高的碱煤比和活化温度都会对碳骨架起破坏作用，造成微孔孔隙率下降。当碱煤比为3∶1时，活化温度为850℃下制备的多孔炭，CH4吸附量为34.5 cm3/g, CH4/N2的选择性为5.3。进一步通过穿透测试证明了该多孔炭在CH4/N2吸附分离领域具有一定的潜力。
Abstract：Enriching CH4 from coal bed methane(CBM) can alleviate the problem of insufficient domestic natural gas supply to a certain extent, but the presence of N2 impurity molecules in CBM restricts the efficient utilization of coalbed methane.Coal tar pitch is used as a carbon source, and KOH as an activator to prepare an efficient CH4/N2 separation adsorbent.The effect of the mass ratio of KOH to coal tar pitch(alkali-coal ratio) on the CH4/N2 separation performance of the carbons were firstly investigated.When the alkali/coal ratio was 3∶1,the CH4 adsorption capacity and CH4/N2 selectivity of the prepared porous carbon reached the maximum value.At this alkali-coal ratio, the activation temperature was optimized.The pore structure, types of surface chemical properties, and crystal structure of porous carbon are investigated using 77 K N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms(BET),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectra(Raman).The results show that the porous carbons exist rich microporous structure and its surface are rich in oxygen-containing functional groups.The KOH-activated porous carbons are characterized by the coexistence of graphitized structure and amorphous carbon.Excessive alkali-coal ratios and activation temperatures can play a destructive role in the carbon skeleton, resulting in a decrease in microporous porosity.When the alkali-coal ratio was 3∶1,the porous carbon prepared at an activation temperature of 850 ℃ showed a CH4 adsorption capacity of 34.5 cm3/g and a CH4/N2 selectivity of 5.3.Further breakthrough experiments have demonstrated the potential of this porous carbon in the field of CH4/N2 separation.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16581/j.cnki.issn1671-3206.20260729.007
中图分类号:TQ424;TQ028
引用信息:
[1]华丙权,景佳鑫,王玉高.KOH活化法制备煤沥青基多孔炭用于CH_4/N_2吸附分离[J].应用化工,2026,55(07):1771-1775.DOI:10.16581/j.cnki.issn1671-3206.20260729.007.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(22478271); 山西省自然科学研究面上项目(202203021221069)
2026-07-30
2026-07-30
2026-07-30